A hysterectomy is a common surgery to remove a woman’s uterus, but many women aren’t sure what to expect—especially when it comes to the difference between a partial and full hysterectomy.
Studies show that by midlife, a significant percentage of women in the U.S. have had a hysterectomy, with the number increasing as they age. The timing of the procedure depends on the reason for surgery. Women with cancer typically have hysterectomies later in life, with a median age in their 60s, while those with fibroids tend to have them earlier, around their mid-40s. Additionally, African American women undergo hysterectomies at a higher rate than white women.
Because the reason for the procedure varies, women need to understand that there are different types of hysterectomies, including partial and complete hysterectomies.
This blog post will discuss the differences between a partial hysterectomy and a full hysterectomy.
Partial Hysterectomy
Also known as a subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy, a partial hysterectomy involves the removal of the upper part of the uterus, leaving the cervix intact. The ovaries and fallopian tubes may or may not be removed during this procedure.
This type of hysterectomy is often recommended for women with certain medical conditions, such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis, where the uterus needs to be removed but preserving the cervix is possible.
The advantages of a partial hysterectomy include a shorter recovery time, less blood loss, and a reduced risk of complications such as infection.
Additionally, by preserving the ovaries, women who undergo a partial hysterectomy do not have to face abrupt menopausal symptoms. If the ovaries are removed along with the uterus, a woman will immediately enter menopause because the production of these hormones stops abruptly. If a woman undergoes a hysterectomy without the removal of her ovaries, she may still experience some menopausal symptoms, but they will generally occur more gradually over time.
Full Hysterectomy
A complete hysterectomy, also known as a full hysterectomy, involves the removal of both the uterus and cervix. The ovaries and fallopian tubes may also be removed during the procedure.
This type of hysterectomy is often recommended for women with certain medical conditions, such as cancer of the uterus or cervix or those with severe or chronic pelvic pain. For example, removing the cervix can help reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer, and removing the ovaries can reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer.
The disadvantages of a full hysterectomy include a longer recovery time, more blood loss, and a higher risk of complications such as infection and injury to nearby organs.
After a hysterectomy, a woman’s body no longer produces estrogen and progesterone, sending them into menopause. Menopause can lead to symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
Whether you have a partial or a full, women undergoing a hysterectomy will face hormonal challenges. Removal of the uterus without the ovaries causes less dramatic changes in hormone levels than a full hysterectomy, but a partial hysterectomy can still cause a hormonal imbalance.
Here are some of the signs and symptoms to watch for:
- Hot flashes – When you’ve had your ovaries removed during a hysterectomy, you’re likely to have sudden and intense hot flashes.
- Vaginal Dryness or Discomfort – Estrogen plays a key role in keeping the vaginal area moisturized with a thin fluid layer. When estrogen levels decline, dryness can occur, leading to discomfort that may affect intimacy. Some individuals may also notice sensations of itching or burning due to these hormonal shifts.
- Sleep Challenges – Disruptions in hormone levels can contribute to poor sleep quality and frequent nighttime awakenings. Many people experiencing hormonal imbalances find it difficult to stay asleep, which may lead to feeling unrested the next day.
- Memory Difficulties – Estrogen supports cognitive function, including memory and the ability to process information efficiently. A decrease in estrogen may contribute to forgetfulness, trouble focusing, or difficulty juggling multiple tasks. Some individuals also report experiencing a sense of mental “fog.”
- Unexplained Fatigue – Fatigue is a common symptom that typically is a culmination of changing hormone levels, sleep disturbances, and mood swings.
While all of this can sound scary, women are not doomed to face early menopause and the accompanying symptoms if they choose a hysterectomy to address other issues.
Benefits of BHRT After Hysterectomy
Bio-Identical Hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) can effectively treat women after a hysterectomy to alleviate menopausal symptoms, prevent osteoporosis, and improve heart health.
BHRT can help alleviate these symptoms by replacing the hormones the body is no longer producing and help stabilize hormone levels if they’re no longer optimal.
Benefits of Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy:
- Relieves Menopausal Symptoms: The most significant benefit of BHRT after a hysterectomy is that it can relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness. These symptoms can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, and BHRT can help alleviate them.
- Prevents Osteoporosis: BHRT can also help prevent osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle. Estrogen helps keep bones strong, and after a hysterectomy, the body no longer produces estrogen. BHRT can help replace estrogen and prevent osteoporosis.
- Improves Heart Health: BHRT can also improve heart health by reducing the risk of heart disease. Estrogen helps keep blood vessels flexible and can reduce the risk of heart disease in women. After a hysterectomy, the body no longer produces estrogen, which can increase the risk of heart disease. BHRT can help replace estrogen and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Women should discuss the risks and benefits of BHRT with their healthcare provider to determine if it is the right treatment option for them.
Still Have Questions? Find the Answer Below!
Can a partial hysterectomy lead to needing a full hysterectomy later?
In some cases, a partial hysterectomy may not fully address underlying health concerns, leading to the need for a full hysterectomy later. Factors such as ongoing pain, fibroid regrowth, or other complications may contribute to this decision. Consulting with a healthcare professional can help determine the best course of action based on individual health needs.
How do doctors decide between a partial or full hysterectomy?
The choice between a partial or full hysterectomy depends on factors like the underlying medical condition, symptoms, and overall health. A partial hysterectomy removes only the uterus, leaving the cervix intact, while a full hysterectomy removes both the uterus and cervix. If conditions like cancer, endometriosis, or severe fibroids are present, a full hysterectomy may be recommended to prevent future complications.
How does a hysterectomy affect long-term health, like heart disease or weight gain?
Hormonal changes after a hysterectomy may impact metabolism, bone density, and heart health. For individuals who also have their ovaries removed, there may be a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis due to decreased estrogen levels. Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine health check-ups can support long-term well-being.
What are the emotional effects of a partial vs. full hysterectomy?
Emotional responses to a hysterectomy vary from person to person. Some individuals feel relief, especially if surgery alleviates pain or chronic symptoms. Others may experience feelings of loss, anxiety, or mood fluctuations, particularly if hormonal changes occur. Support groups, counseling, and open communication with loved ones can help with emotional adjustment.
What lifestyle changes might help with recovery after surgery?
After surgery, gradual movement, hydration, and a nutrient-rich diet can support healing. Avoiding heavy lifting, getting enough rest, and following post-operative care instructions are essential for a smooth recovery. Prioritizing fitness through gentle exercises and self-care can also promote overall wellness during the healing process.
A Medical Director, and one of the first physicians to join the Nava Health & Vitality Center, Dr. Douglas Lord has made significant contributions to our Center and its founding principles. Dr. Lord has helped develop and implement the Nava Method™—Nava’s proprietary approach to total body wellness. He has also been instrumental in liaising with other expert practitioners to successfully implement Nava’s range of therapies, treatments, and products.